Monday, May 24, 2010

Waterproof Tent Trailer

Thesis on Kashmir - Act # 4



THE CONTEXT OF TIME AND THE FORMATION OF THE STATE PRINCE
The time horizon considered goes from 1947 - the year when the princely state of Kashmir has joined the Indian Union - to this day. Below we will briefly mention the formation of the princely state and distinguished themselves in the next section's last acts that bring India and Pakistan to independence and the subsequent annexation of the princely states in either state.
From XIV century until 1820 on Kashmir (a term which, remember, until the nineteenth century it connotes only the Kashmir Valley, or Valley of Srinagar) monarchs have reigned Muslims: first with the dynasty Swati inaugurated by Shah Mir, followed Mogul empire from the beginning of the sixteenth century until the middle of XVII, when the latter was in the process of disintegration, Kashmir became part of the great empire of the Afghan Durrani until, in 1820, Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore to annex Kashmir to his Sikh kingdom. At this point in the game of the British East India Company who were expanding their control over the subcontinent. Since the early decades of the nineteenth century they began to push the boundaries of the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. At the court of Ranjit Singh served as Chief Minister Gulab Singh, the son and heir of the Raja of Jammu, Kishore Singh, a Hindu clan Jamwal ethnic Dogra. After the death of Ranjit Singh, in 1839, the Sikh state started to fall apart, in this context Gulab Singh became gradually more autonomous, and having succeeded his father as Raja of Jammu began to expand his kingdom. The taking of Kishtwar opened the doors to the conquest of Ladakh, while in 1840 his forces invaded Baltistan and then attempted an unsuccessful expedition in Tibet.
in 1845 broke the first Anglo-Sikh War. Gulab Singh remained neutral initially and later collaborated with the British for the defeat of the Sikhs. This earned him the recognition of the British, emerged victorious from the conflict. With the Treaty of Amritsar of March 16, 1846 Gulab Singh bought from them, for the equivalent of 7.5 million rupees Nanakshahi all the territories east of the Indus River and west of the river Ravi, including Chamba and excluding Lahore (capital of the late great Sikh kingdom), so the purchase consisted of the territories, as the valley of Kashmir, which the East India Company was incorporated in the form of compensation for war by the peace treaty with the Sikhs of Lahore, 9 March 1846. With the Treaty of Amritsar, the British recognized the sovereignty and independence of Gulab Singh - who formally accepted the protection of the British Crown - and his descendants on his possessions and promised to help defend against external enemies. Therefore, in subsequent years, the Dogra forces could assume control over the emirates of Hunza, Gilgit and Nagar, but not without a fight a few battles with some local commanders.



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